Sensitivity of the stability of river flow regimes to small fluctuations in temperature
نویسندگان
چکیده
A river regime describes the average seasonal behaviour of flow. This seasonal pattern reflects climatic and physiographic conditions in the basin. An inherent characteristic of a flow regime is its stability, i.e. regularity or irregularity of the seasonal pattern. A temperature rise, as predicted by climatic models, might cause changes in the patterns and stability of river flow regimes. Sensitivity of the stability of flow regimes to small fluctuations in temperature (= +1°C) is investigated with the help of historical temperature and flow series for Scandinavia. The concept of entropy is utilized for quantification of the stability of the flow regimes conditioned on temperature which also allows forecasting of possible changes in this stability due to changes in temperature. The study shows that the stability of flow regime types with rain or mixed rain and snowmelt sources of flow formation is already sensitive to small changes in temperature, especially concerning flow minima. Sensibilité de la stabilité des régimes d'écoulements des rivières à des faibles fluctuations de température Résumé Le régime d'une rivière décrit le comportement saisonnier moyen de l'écoulement. Ce modèle saisonnier reflète des conditions climatiques et physiographiques à l'intérieur du bassin. Une caractéristique inhérente d'un régime d'écoulement est sa stabilité, c'est-à-dire la régularité ou l'irrégularité du modèle saisonnier. Une hausse de température, comme celle prédite par les modèles climatiques, pourrait causer des changements dans les modèles et la stabilité de ces régimes. La sensibilité de cette stabilité en réponse à de faibles fluctuations de température (=±1°C) est examinée à l'aide de séries historiques de température et d'écoulement en Scandinavie. Le concept d'entropie est utilisé pour quantifier cette stabilité des régimes d'écoulements, en fonction de la température, ce qui autorise également la prévision de changements possibles dans cette stabilité, en réponse à des changements de température. Cette étude montre que la stabilité des types de régimes d'écoulements, formés à l'origine par la pluie ou un mélange pluie-fonte de neige, est déjà sensible à de faibles changements de température, en particulier pour ce qui concerne les minima d'écoulements. I N T R O D U C T I O N A river flow regime describes the average seasonal behaviour of flow. Pardé (1955), introducing a river flow regime classification, noted that seasonal variations of flow are characterized by their "stable rhythm or irregularity", Open for discussion until I October 1996
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